\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/div>\nHow do I use the verb to be?<\/h2>\n
We use the verb to be<\/span> to talk about:<\/p>\n\n- Identity:<\/strong> I am a student.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Description:<\/strong> She is happy.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> They are at home.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The forms of to be<\/span> change with the subject:<\/p>\n\n- I am<\/span><\/li>\n
- You are<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It is<\/span><\/li>\n
- We are<\/span><\/li>\n
- They are<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we add not<\/span>. Often, we use contractions:<\/p>\n\n- I am not<\/span><\/li>\n
- You aren’t<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 You are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It isn’t<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 He\/She\/It is not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- We aren’t<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 We are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- They aren’t<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 They are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
When do I use have got?<\/h2>\n
\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c have got<\/span> to talk about possession. This means something belongs to someone. It is very common in spoken English.<\/p>\nThe forms of have got<\/span> change with the subject:<\/p>\n\n- I have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- You have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It has got<\/span><\/li>\n
- We have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- They have got<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we add not<\/span> between have\/has<\/span> \u0438 got<\/span>. We often use contractions:<\/p>\n\n- I haven’t got<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 I have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- You haven’t got<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 You have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It hasn’t got<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 He\/She\/It has not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- We haven’t got<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 We have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- They haven’t got<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 They have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
How do I talk about ability with can?<\/h2>\n
\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c can<\/span> to talk about ability. This means what someone is able to do. After can<\/span>, we always use the base form of another verb.<\/p>\nCan<\/span> is special because it does not change for different subjects:<\/p>\n\n- I can swim.<\/span><\/li>\n
- You can speak English.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It can fly.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We can play football.<\/span><\/li>\n
- They can sing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we add not<\/span> after can<\/span>. The contraction is can’t<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n- I can’t swim.<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 I cannot swim.<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- You can’t speak French.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It can’t fly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
How do I say something exists with there is \/ there are?<\/h2>\n
\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c there is<\/span> \u0438 there are<\/span> to say that something exists in a place. We use there is<\/span> for one thing (singular) and there are<\/span> for many things (plural).<\/p>\n\n- Singular:<\/strong> There is a book on the table.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Plural:<\/strong> There are two chairs in the room.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we add not<\/span> after is<\/span> \u0438\u043b\u0438 are<\/span>. We often use contractions:<\/p>\n\n- Singular negative:<\/strong> There isn’t a pen here.<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 There is not a pen here.<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- Plural negative:<\/strong> There aren’t any students in the class.<\/span> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 There are not any students in the class.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What is the simple present for other verbs?<\/h2>\n
We use the simple present<\/span> for habits, routines, and things that are generally true. It also expresses likes and dislikes.<\/p>\nFor most subjects (I, You, We, They<\/span>), the verb form is the base form:<\/p>\n\n- I like pizza.<\/span><\/li>\n
- You play tennis.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We live in Madrid.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For He, She, It<\/span>, we add -s<\/span> \u0438\u043b\u0438 -es<\/span> to the verb:<\/p>\n\n- He likes coffee.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She plays football.<\/span><\/li>\n
- It rains a lot in winter.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we use don’t<\/span> (for I, You, We, They<\/span>) or doesn’t<\/span> (for He, She, It<\/span>) before the base form of the verb:<\/p>\n\n- I don’t like tea.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She doesn’t work on Sundays.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nSummary of Essential English Verbs: Affirmative and Negative Forms<\/caption>\n\n\n| Verb Type<\/th>\n | Affirmative Example<\/th>\n | Negative Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\n| To Be<\/span><\/td>\n | I am happy.<\/span><\/td>\n | I am not happy.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | She is a student.<\/span><\/td>\n | She isn’t a student.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | They are friends.<\/span><\/td>\n | They aren’t friends.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Have Got<\/span><\/td>\n | I have got a book.<\/span><\/td>\n | I haven’t got a book.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | He has got a car.<\/span><\/td>\n | He hasn’t got a car.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Can<\/span><\/td>\n | I can swim.<\/span><\/td>\n | I can’t swim.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | She can sing.<\/span><\/td>\n | She can’t sing.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| There Is \/ There Are<\/span><\/td>\n | There is a park.<\/span><\/td>\n | There isn’t a park.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | There are trees.<\/span><\/td>\n | There aren’t trees.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Simple Present<\/span><\/td>\n | I like coffee.<\/span><\/td>\n | I don’t like coffee.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | He works here.<\/span><\/td>\n | He doesn’t work here.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n\n- I am a student.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She is happy.<\/span><\/li>\n
- They are at home.<\/span><\/li>\n
- It isn’t cold today.<\/span><\/li>\n
- I have got a new book.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He has got a blue car.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We haven’t got much time.<\/span><\/li>\n
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