\u0627\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/a><\/div>\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u00abto be\u00bb\u061f<\/h2>\n
\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 to be<\/span> \u0644\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n\n- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> I am a student.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641:<\/strong> She is happy.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong> They are at home.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 to be<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n\n- I am<\/span><\/li>\n
- You are<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It is<\/span><\/li>\n
- We are<\/span><\/li>\n
- They are<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 not<\/span>. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n- I am not<\/span><\/li>\n
- You aren’t<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 You are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It isn’t<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 He\/She\/It is not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- We aren’t<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 We are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- They aren’t<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 They are not<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00abhave got\u00bb\u061f<\/h2>\n
\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 have got<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 have got<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n\n- I have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- You have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It has got<\/span><\/li>\n
- We have got<\/span><\/li>\n
- They have got<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 not<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646 have\/has<\/span> \u0648 got<\/span>. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n- I haven’t got<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 I have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- You haven’t got<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 You have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It hasn’t got<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 He\/She\/It has not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- We haven’t got<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 We have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- They haven’t got<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 They have not got<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00abcan\u00bb\u061f<\/h2>\n
\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 can<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647. \u0628\u0639\u062f can<\/span>, \u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\nCan<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n- I can swim.<\/span><\/li>\n
- You can speak English.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It can fly.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We can play football.<\/span><\/li>\n
- They can sing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 not<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f can<\/span>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0647\u0648 can’t<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n- I can’t swim.<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 I cannot swim.<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- You can’t speak French.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He\/She\/It can’t fly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00abthere is\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00abthere are\u00bb\u061f<\/h2>\n
\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 there is<\/span> \u0648 there are<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 there is<\/span> \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u0648 there are<\/span> \u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062c\u0645\u0639).<\/p>\n\n- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f:<\/strong> There is a book on the table.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639:<\/strong> There are two chairs in the room.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 not<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u062f is<\/span> \u0623\u0648 are<\/span>. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a:<\/strong> There isn’t a pen here.<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 There is not a pen here.<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a:<\/strong> There aren’t any students in the class.<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 There are not any students in the class.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What is the simple present for other verbs?<\/h2>\n
We use the simple present<\/span> for habits, routines, and things that are generally true. It also expresses likes and dislikes.<\/p>\nFor most subjects (I, You, We, They<\/span>), the verb form is the base form:<\/p>\n\n- I like pizza.<\/span><\/li>\n
- You play tennis.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We live in Madrid.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 He, She, It<\/span>, we add -s<\/span> \u0623\u0648 -es<\/span> to the verb:<\/p>\n\n- He likes coffee.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She plays football.<\/span><\/li>\n
- It rains a lot in winter.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For negative sentences, we use don’t<\/span> (for I, You, We, They<\/span>) \u0623\u0648 doesn’t<\/span> (for He, She, It<\/span>) before the base form of the verb:<\/p>\n\n- I don’t like tea.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She doesn’t work on Sundays.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nSummary of Essential English Verbs: Affirmative and Negative Forms<\/caption>\n\n\n| Verb Type<\/th>\n | Affirmative Example<\/th>\n | Negative Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\n| To Be<\/span><\/td>\n | I am happy.<\/span><\/td>\n | I am not happy.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | She is a student.<\/span><\/td>\n | She isn’t a student.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | They are friends.<\/span><\/td>\n | They aren’t friends.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Have Got<\/span><\/td>\n | I have got a book.<\/span><\/td>\n | I haven’t got a book.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | He has got a car.<\/span><\/td>\n | He hasn’t got a car.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Can<\/span><\/td>\n | I can swim.<\/span><\/td>\n | I can’t swim.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | She can sing.<\/span><\/td>\n | She can’t sing.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| There Is \/ There Are<\/span><\/td>\n | There is a park.<\/span><\/td>\n | There isn’t a park.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | There are trees.<\/span><\/td>\n | There aren’t trees.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Simple Present<\/span><\/td>\n | I like coffee.<\/span><\/td>\n | I don’t like coffee.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/span><\/td>\n | He works here.<\/span><\/td>\n | He doesn’t work here.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n- I am a student.<\/span><\/li>\n
- She is happy.<\/span><\/li>\n
- They are at home.<\/span><\/li>\n
- It isn’t cold today.<\/span><\/li>\n
- I have got a new book.<\/span><\/li>\n
- He has got a blue car.<\/span><\/li>\n
- We haven’t got much time.<\/span><\/li>\n
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